IJAM uses a simplified version of Author-Date Chicago Style. The text below is adapted from https://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org. More precise information and examples are available at https://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide/citation-guide-2.html.

Papers should be written in English. It is the responsibility of the author(s) to ensure that the paper has been proofread and copyedited for language. Manuscripts may be rejected if the language is not acceptable.

IN-TEXT CITATIONS

In-text citation for a list of up to three authors:

(Armstrong and Malacinski 1989; Beigl 1989; Pickett and White 1985)
(Whittaker 1967, 1975; Wiens 1989a, 1989b)
(Wong 1999, 328; 2000, 475; García 1998, 67)
(Keng, Lin, and Orazem 2017)

In-text citation for a list of four authors or more:

(Bay et al. 2017)

IJAM uses hyphens between inclusive numbers:

Example: 17-24

REFERENCE LIST

I. JOURNAL ARTICLE

Volume and issue number with or without a month or season.
A month or season need not be included in addition to the year for journals that include both a volume and an issue number.

Glass, Jennifer, and Philip Levchak. 2014. “Red States, Blue States, and Divorce: Understanding the Impact of Conservative Protestantism on Regional Variation in Divorce Rates.” American Journal of Sociology 119 (4): 1002-46. https://doi.org/10.1086/674703.

Volume and month or season, but no issue number

Gunderson, Alex R., and Manuel Leal. 2015. “Patterns of Thermal Constraint on Ectotherm Activity.” American Naturalist 185 (May): 653-64. https://dx.doi.org/10.1086/680849.

Volume but no issue number, month or season

Gunderson, Alex R., and Manuel Leal. 2015. “Patterns of Thermal Constraint on Ectotherm Activity.” American Naturalist 185:653-64. https://dx.doi.org/10.1086/680849.

No volume but issue number, month or season

Li, Jie. 2020. “The Hot Noise of Open-Air Cinema.” Grey Room, no. 81 (Fall): 6-35. https://doi.org/10.1162/grey_a_00307.

No volume but issue number without month or season

Beattie, J. M. 1974. “The Pattern of Crime in England, 1660–1800.” Past and Present, no. 62, 47-95. https://www.jstor.org/stable/650463.

Volume with issue number and article number
Volume with article number, no issue number

Sokolova, Karina, and Hajer Kefi. 2020. “Instagram and YouTube Bloggers Promote It, Why Should I Buy? How Credibility and Parasocial Interaction Influence Purchase Intentions.” Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services 53, 101742. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2019.01.011.

Hristov, Ivo, and Antonio Chirico. 2019. “The Role of Sustainability Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) in Implementing Sustainable Strategies.” Sustainability 11, no. 20: 5742. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11205742.

No volume but issue number and article number

Hristov, Ivo, and Antonio Chirico. 2019. “The Role of Sustainability Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) in Implementing Sustainable Strategies.” Sustainability, no. 20, 5742. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11205742.

Capitalization of titles from other languages
  • For titles of works from other languages, capitalize only the words that would be capitalized under the conventions of the original language.
For a French reference, the title of the article and the journal title are not capitalized.

Poisson-De Haro, Serge, and Emmanuel Coblence. 2013. “Les sentiers du redressement: une étude comparative d’organisations culturelles en crise.” Revue française de gestion 39 (235): 29-51. https://www.jle.com/10.3166/RFG.235.29-51.

Birke, Jonas, and Andreas Keil. 2020. “Die Gesellschaftliche Wahrnehmung Der Agenda 2030 – Information Und Partizipation Als Schlüssel Einer Verbesserten Umsetzung?” Geographische Rundschau 3:54-55.

Titles of Chinese, Japanese and Korean works
  • Titles are set in roman. An English translation of the title is needed. It follows the original title and is enclosed in brackets, without italics or quotation marks.

Linfu, Hua. 1999. “Qingdai yilai Sanxia diqu shuihan zaihai de chubu yanjiu” [A preliminary study of floods and droughts in the Three Gorges region since the Qing dynasty]. Zhongguo shehui kexue 1:168-79.

II. BOOKS

Grazer, Brian, and Charles Fishman. 2015. A Curious Mind: The Secret to a Bigger Life. New York: Simon & Schuster.

Smith, Zadie. 2016. Swing Time. New York: Penguin Press.

Titles in a language other than English keep the language and capital letters of the original title.

Zwirner, Anke. 2012. Finanzierung und Förderung von Kinospielfilmen in Deutschland. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag.

Chapter or part of an edited book

Thoreau, Henry David. 2016. “Walking.” In The Making of the American Essay, edited by John D’Agata, 167-95. Minneapolis: Graywolf Press.

Translated book

Lahiri, Jhumpa. 2016. In Other Words. Translated by Ann Goldstein. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.

III. NEWS OR MAGAZINE ARTICLE

Manjoo, Farhad. 2017. “Snap Makes a Bet on the Cultural Supremacy of the Camera.” New York Times, March 8, 2017. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/08/technology/snap-makes-a-bet-on-the-cultural-supremacy-of-the-camera.html.

In-text citation: (Manjoo 2017)

Mead, Rebecca. 2017. “The Prophet of Dystopia.” New Yorker, April 17, 2017.

In-text citation: (Mead 2017, 43) [if the author refers to a quote on a specific page, here p. 43]

Pai, Tanya. 2017. “The Sticky, Sugary History of Peeps.” Vox, April 11, 2017. http://www.vox.com/culture/2017/4/11/15209084/peeps-easter.

In-text citation: (Pai 2017)

Readers’ comments are cited in the text but omitted from a reference list.

In-text citation: (Eduardo B [Los Angeles], March 9, 2017, comment on Manjoo 2017)

IV. BOOK REVIEW

Kakutani, Michiko. 2016. “Friendship Takes a Path That Diverges.” Review of Swing Time, by Zadie Smith. New York Times, November 7, 2016.

In-text citation: (Kakutani 2016)

V. OTHERS

Interview

Stamper, Kory. 2017. “From ‘F-Bomb’ to ‘Photobomb,’ How the Dictionary Keeps Up with English.” Interview by Terry Gross. Fresh Air, NPR, April 19, 2017. Audio, 35:25. http://www.npr.org/2017/04/19/524618639/from-f-bomb-to-photobomb-how-the-dictionary-keeps-up-with-english.

In-text citation: (Stamper 2017)

Thesis or dissertation

Blajer de la Garza, Yuna. 2019. “A House Is Not a Home: Citizenship and Belonging in Contemporary Democracies.” PhD diss., University of Chicago. ProQuest (13865986).

In-text citation: (Blajer de la Garza 2019, 99-100) [if the author refers to a quote on a specific page, here pp. 99-100]

Oladepo-Ajagbe, Mariam. 2024. “Exploring the Synergy of Traditional Textile Techniques and Digital Technology in Contemporary Clothing and Textile Design.” PhD diss., Southern Illinois University Edwardsville. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.10998.20809.

Conference papers

Mailangkay, Adele, Reinnaldi Satyabodhi, and Erwin Halim. 2023. “Analyzing Factors Influencing Adoption of AI in E-Commerce UI/UX Design Using TAM.” In 2023 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Social Sciences and Intelligence Management (SSIM) proceedings, 41-45. IEEE SSIM 2023, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung, Taiwan, December 15-17, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1109/SSIM59263.2023.10468833.

Niehaves, Bjoern, Elena Gorbacheva, and Ralf Plattfaut. 2012. “Social Aspects in Technology Acceptance: Theory Integration and Development.” In Proceedings of the 45th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, edited by Ralph H. Sprague, Jr., 3149-58. HICSS 2012, Maui, HI, USA, January 4-7, 2012. Los Alamitos, CA: IEEE Computer Society. https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2012.532.

Website content
  • Content from websites and web pages (aside from books, journal articles, and many of the other formally published sources) can usually be cited in the text or in a note rather than in a bibliography.
  • In the notes, the title will usually come first; in a bibliography entry, the source should be listed under the owner or sponsor of the site.
  • If a site or page ceases to exist before publication, or if the cited content has been modified or deleted, this information should be included in the text or note.

Bouman, Katie. 2016. “How to Take a Picture of a Black Hole.” Filmed November 2016 at TEDxBeaconStreet, Brookline, MA. Video, 12:51. https://www.ted.com/talks/katie_bouman_what_does_a_black_hole_look_like.

Google. 2017. “Privacy Policy.” Privacy & Terms. Last modified April 17, 2017. https://www.google.com/policies/privacy/.

Yale University. n.d. “About Yale: Yale Facts.” Accessed May 1, 2017. https://www.yale.edu/about-yale/yale-facts.

AROP (Association pour le Rayonnement de l’Opéra de Paris). n.d. Main page. Accessed December 15, 2024. https://arop.operadeparis.fr/.

AROP (Association pour le Rayonnement de l’Opéra de Paris). n.d. “Programmation.” Accessed December 15, 2024. https://arop.operadeparis.fr/programmation.

1. “Biography.” Pete Townshend’s official website. Accessed December 15, 2001. http://www.petetownshend.co.uk/petet_bio.html (site discontinued).

Social media content
  • Citations of content shared through social media can usually be limited to the text, as in this example:

Conan O’Brien’s tweet was characteristically deadpan: “In honor of Earth Day, I’m recycling my tweets” (@ConanOBrien, April 22, 2015).

  • If a more formal citation is needed, a reference list entry may be appropriate. In place of a title, quote up to the first 160 characters of the post.

Chicago Manual of Style. 2015. “Is the world ready for singular they? We thought so back in 1993.” Facebook, April 17, 2015. https://www.facebook.com/ChicagoManual/posts/10152906193679151.

Souza, Pete (@petesouza). 2016. “President Obama bids farewell to President Xi of China at the conclusion of the Nuclear Security Summit.” Instagram photo, April 1, 2016. https://www.instagram.com/p/BDrmfXTtNCt/.

  • Comments can usually be cited in the text, in reference to the related post.

1. Jim, February 16, 2017, comment on Germano, “Futurist Shock,” http://www.chronicle.com/blogs/linguafranca/2017/02/15/futurist-shock/#comment-3158909472.
2. Stephanos C, February 21, 2017, reply to Jim, http://www.chronicle.com/blogs/linguafranca/2017/02/15/futurist-shock/#comment-3167173570.